Resources for Spanish II
Spanish I review cheat sheets
Grammar
Conjugations
Regular Present Tense Conjugation Review (PowerPoint)
Regular Verb Conjugations
Conjuguemos- practice conjugating verbs
The verb gustar and similar verbs
Rubrics
All about me
Spanish I review cheat sheets
- Parts of speech
- Numbers 1-1,000
- Irregular Verbs
- Regular Verb Conjugations
- Stem-changing Verbs
- Present-tense of gustar and encantar
- Ser and Estar
- Telling Time
- Weather
Grammar
Conjugations
Regular Present Tense Conjugation Review (PowerPoint)
Regular Verb Conjugations
Conjuguemos- practice conjugating verbs
The verb gustar and similar verbs
Rubrics
All about me
Subject pronouns:
The subject of a verb is whoever does the action in a sentence or whoever is being described. Ex. John runs. John is the subject; he is the one running.
A subject pronoun replaces a subject noun. Ex. He runs. Here, he replaces John.
There are ten subject pronouns in Spanish:
Singular: Plural:
The subject of a verb is whoever does the action in a sentence or whoever is being described. Ex. John runs. John is the subject; he is the one running.
A subject pronoun replaces a subject noun. Ex. He runs. Here, he replaces John.
There are ten subject pronouns in Spanish:
Singular: Plural:
The pronouns are always written in the order you see above, either in two columns or in one long list starting with the singular pronouns and ending with the plural ones. Verb conjugation charts follow this same pattern.
In Spanish and English, there are two first person pronouns. You use first person pronouns to talk about yourself.
In Spanish, there are multiple ways to say "you." They are all second person. You use second person pronouns when you talk directly to somebody else.
There are four third person pronouns in Spanish. You use third person pronouns to talk about another person or people.
In Spanish and English, there are two first person pronouns. You use first person pronouns to talk about yourself.
- Yo is only used to refer to yourself. It is singular, first person. It is the equivalent of "I" in English, but you only capitalize it at the beginning of a sentence.
- Nosotros is used to talk about yourself and another person or people. It is plural, first person. It is the same as "we" in English. It can be either masculine or feminine. Nosotros refers to a group of guys and girls or a group of all guys. Nosotras refers to all girls. A name or pronoun followed by "y yo" or that follows "yo y..." is the same as nosotros. Ex. María y yo = María and I = we = nosotros
In Spanish, there are multiple ways to say "you." They are all second person. You use second person pronouns when you talk directly to somebody else.
- Tú is singular and informal. You use it when talking to one person who you know well. The plural of tú is either ustedes or vosotros (only in Spain). You must always write the accent on the u.
- Usted is singular and formal. You use it when talking to one person who you need to show more respect towards such as a teacher or other adult. The plural of usted is always ustedes.
- Vosotros is only used in Spain. It is plural and informal. You use it when talking to several people who you know well. It is sort of like y'all in the South. It can be both masculine and feminine. Vosotros refers to guys and girls or all guys; vosotras refers to all girls. If you see a name or pronoun (other than "yo") followed by "y tú," then it's the same as vosotros or ustedes. Vosotros is NOT the same as nosotros.
- Ustedes is plural. It is used with everyone in Latin America and it is formal in Spain. You use it when talking to several people. If you see a name or pronoun (other than "yo") followed by "y tú," then it's the same as vosotros or ustedes.
There are four third person pronouns in Spanish. You use third person pronouns to talk about another person or people.
- Él is used when talking about one guy. It means "he" in English. You must always write the accent on the "e." Any single names or single nouns conjugate the same as "él." Él can replace the name of a male or a single, masculine noun. Ex. Juan corre (Juan runs) can become Él corre.
- Ella is used when talking about one girl. It means "she" in English. The double L is pronounced like a Y in English: "Eh-yah." Any single names or single nouns conjugate the same as "ella." Ella can replace the name of a female or a single, feminine noun. Ex. Elena corre (Elena runs) can become Ella corre.
- Ellos is used when talking about a group of guys and girls or a group of all guys. It means "they" in English. It's pronounced "Eh-yohs." Two nouns or third-person pronouns are always the same as ellos or ellas. Example: María y José = Ellos; Juana y ella = ellas.
- Ellas is used when talking about a group of all girls. It also means "they" in English. It is pronounced "Eh-yahs." Two feminine nouns or feminine third-person pronouns are always the same as ellas. Example: Juana y ella = ellas; María y Tatiana = ellas.
Verb conjugations
Regular present tense:
Regular present tense:
The verb gustar:
The verb gustar roughly means "to like." Literally, it is like saying "to be pleasing to."
Gustar is not conjugated like other verbs. Instead of conjugating the verb based on who likes something (as in English), you conjugate the verb based on what is being liked.
In the chart below, parte 1- ¿Quién? refers to who likes something. Parte 2- ¿Qué? refers to what is being liked. The two parts function independently of each other.
The verb gustar roughly means "to like." Literally, it is like saying "to be pleasing to."
Gustar is not conjugated like other verbs. Instead of conjugating the verb based on who likes something (as in English), you conjugate the verb based on what is being liked.
In the chart below, parte 1- ¿Quién? refers to who likes something. Parte 2- ¿Qué? refers to what is being liked. The two parts function independently of each other.
- These phrases in green are used for emphasis or clarification; if you notice, some of the pronouns in yellow correspond to multiple subject pronouns. In some cases they are optional. Except for "yo," and "tú," you form these phrases by saying A + subject pronoun or a noun. Yo and tú are irregular. For "yo," use the phrase "A mí..." and for "tú," use the phrase "A ti..." There is an accent on the i of "Mí," but not in "ti."
- If you want to say someone doesn't like something, put no in front of the indirect object pronoun (me, te, etc.). This makes gustar negative. Ex. Me gusta el pastel: I like cake. No me gusta el pastel: I don't like cake.
- These are called indirect object pronouns. You put one in front of the conjugation of "gustar" to say who is doing the liking. They correspond to the subject pronouns: me (yo); te (tú); le (él, ell, usted); nos (nosotros), os (vosotros); les (ellos, ellas, ustedes)
- After the indirect object pronouns comes the verb gustar itself. Unlike other verbs, you will (generally) only use two conjugations of gustar: singular third-person (like él) and plural third-person (like ellos). Your two options are gusta (singular) and gustan (plural).
- These are articles or possessive adjective. Articles in English are "the," "a(n)," or "some." Possessive adjectives are words for "my," "your," "his," "her," "our," and "their." You need to include an article or possessive adjective before a noun.
- This is the thing being liked. It determines whether you will use "gusta," or "gustan." If the thing liked is a verb/list of verbs(in the infinitive) or a singular noun, use gusta. If the thing being liked is a plural noun or list of nouns, use gustan.
Regular preterite tense (past):
Just like with the regular present tense, you remove the infinitive ending and then add the preterite ending.
-AR endings
Just like with the regular present tense, you remove the infinitive ending and then add the preterite ending.
-AR endings
-ER/-IR endings
How to conjugate reflexive verbs:
Step 3- Write the reflexive pronoun before the conjugated verb.
(Tú) te bañas
(Tú) te bañas